Incidence of Merkel Cell Carcinoma is Increasing

According to research recently presented at the American Academy of Dermatology’s 2018 annual meeting in San Diego, California, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare form of skin cancer caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus, is becoming less rare in the US. From 2000-2013, the number of cases of the disease swelled by 95%, a rate of growth that’s outpaced every other kind of skin cancer, and most other malignancies. By 2025 its expected that the incidence will have grown another 25%.
            It’s not just the US either. Research has showed that rates of MCC are on the rise in Sweden as well, and studies are investigating the rise in incidence of the cancer in other similar populations.

MCC usually appears as a bluish-red or fleshy nodule on the head, neck, or face region, though it can appear elsewhere. Its incidence is correlated with age, immunodeficiency, light skin, and sun exposure, but the proximal cause in most cases seems to be the Merkel cell polyomavirus, a common infection with no known signs or symptoms. It is currently unknown exactly how the virus induces MCC. This cancer is a serious concern, because it is much deadlier that the more common melanoma.  

A patient with an unusually large MCC tumor

Experts at the American Academy of Dermatology say that the primary driving force behind this increase has to do with the changing demographics of western industrialized nations. “We believe the aging of the U.S. population is likely driving the increase in MCC, as this cancer is much more prevalent in older individuals” stated the head of dermatology at the University of Washington in Seattle, Dr. Paul Nghiem. “If you notice a new, unusual growth, especially one that looks different from the other spots on your skin, or one that is growing quickly, see a board-certified dermatologist for diagnosis.”

-J. Cole Holderman

The Article

The Paper